What wins for Black at your level — against 1.e4, and against 1.d4
LichessStockfish, depth 22, read 2026-09-26
What are the best chess openings for Black?
The answer
White moves first, so Black has two answers at 1400–1599 blitz: 58 defences ranked by worst case, the low end of a figure’s range, not its average. Against 1.e4: the Elephant Gambit, 51.1 over 869K games. Against 1.d4: the Benko Gambit, 53.4 over 51K games. Score is expected points per game; a draw counts half. From Lichess games, 2023–2026.
SourceLichess · played September 2023 to August 2026
You playBlack·Lichess 1400–1599·Blitz
Against 1.e4
the top 5 of 26 that qualify, ranked by worst case
#DefenceScoreWorst case ↓, which ranks this listTheoryGapGames
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
h8
g
f
e
d
c
b
a
2...d5
White to move · 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d5 · Black’s view
Score51.1%
Worst case51.0%
Theory41.2%
Gap+9.9
Theory puts Black at 41.2% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 51.1% — 9.9 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +1.0 for White, 869K games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Answer 2.Nf3 with …d5 at once, giving up material for open lines and pieces that come out fast.
Who it suits
Players who would rather set an early problem than equalise slowly, and who are happy to play a pawn down for activity.
The catch
The accepted lines are known and hold the extra material; against a prepared opponent the compensation runs out.
How the games ended
49.4%3.3%47.3%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
47.047.449.351.052.052.251.149.144.2
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It drops under level at 0, 1000, 1200, 2200, 2500+.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
White to move · 1.e4 c6 · Black’s view
Score50.5%
Worst case50.5%
Theory46.5%
Gap+4.0
Theory puts Black at 46.5% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 50.5% — 4.0 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +0.4 for White, 14M games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Support the …d5 push with the c-pawn, so the light-squared bishop leaves the pawn chain before it is shut in behind it.
Who it suits
Players who want a sound structure they can play by feel, and who are content to steer for level positions rather than sharp ones.
The catch
Against the Advance Variation White takes space early, and Black has to know the …c5 and …f6 breaks or the position tightens with no counterplay.
How the games ended
48.5%3.9%47.6%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
51.250.050.350.550.049.448.345.843.0
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It drops under level at 1800, 2000, 2200, 2500+.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
White to move · 1.e4 e6 · Black’s view
Score50.1%
Worst case50.0%
Theory46.1%
Gap+4.0
Theory puts Black at 46.1% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 50.1% — 4.0 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +0.4 for White, 17M games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Answer 1.e4 with a pawn chain and strike at its base with …c5, accepting a passive light-squared bishop for a solid centre.
Who it suits
Players who like a plan they can follow move after move and do not mind defending before they attack.
The catch
The light-squared bishop can stay shut in for the whole game, and the Winawer and Advance lines lead to positions where a missed break leaves Black cramped.
How the games ended
48.1%3.8%48.0%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
50.449.549.950.049.849.448.246.243.4
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It drops under level at 1000, 1200, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2500+.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
White to move · 1.e4 c5 · Black’s view
Score50.0%
Worst case49.9%
Theory45.6%
Gap+4.4
Theory puts Black at 45.6% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 50.0% — 4.4 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +0.5 for White, 25M games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Meet 1.e4 asymmetrically: trade a flank pawn for a centre pawn and play on the half-open c-file.
Who it suits
Players who want an unbalanced game from move one and are willing to learn a lot of theory to get it.
The catch
White chooses among many systems, so preparing the Sicilian means preparing several of them; the sharpest lines punish an imprecise move order quickly.
How the games ended
48.2%3.6%48.3%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
51.450.350.249.949.649.148.446.543.0
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It drops under level at 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2500+.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
White to move · 1.e4 g6 · Black’s view
Score49.3%
Worst case49.3%
Theory44.2%
Gap+5.1
Theory puts Black at 44.2% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 49.3% — 5.1 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +0.6 for White, 6.0M games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Hand White the centre for a move or two, fianchetto, and counter once it is clear what White has committed to.
Who it suits
Players who like an unforced game and are willing to defend a little to get one.
The catch
Conceding the centre is a real concession: against a player who takes space and keeps it, the counter never arrives.
How the games ended
47.3%3.9%48.8%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
50.949.749.549.348.848.347.847.142.7
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It drops under level at 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2500+.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
Every figure is an expected score out of 100 for Black, so they can be read against each other. Score is what players at your level actually get — a draw counts half, so it is not a win rate. Worst case — the Floor, in the app’s own vocabulary, and the same figure under either name — is the worst score a line still clears, 90% confident; it is what ranks. Theory is what the position is worth under perfect play, read by Stockfish at depth 22 and put on the same scale. Gap is Score minus Theory: how much more, or less, players get from the position than it is theoretically worth. Games is how many the figures were counted over. Open a row for the position, its plan, and the win rate, draw rate and loss rate behind its score.
The rest of the ladder
The other 21 that qualify at 1400–1599 blitz, ranked the same way and not explained — this is the reference, not the recommendation. The full ladder on Opening data carries every defence with enough games behind it, at this same 1400–1599 blitz — so its figures and these are the same figures.
At this level the family you choose moves your score by a point or two. What moves it more is the position you reach and whether you know it — which is what the analyzer and your drills are for.
Against 1.d4
the top 5 of 32 that qualify, ranked by worst case
#DefenceScoreWorst case ↓, which ranks this listTheoryGapGames
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
h8
g
f
e
d
c
b
a
3...b5
White to move · 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 b5 · Black’s view
Score53.4%
Worst case53.1%
Theory45.3%
Gap+8.1
Theory puts Black at 45.3% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 53.4% — 8.1 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +0.5 for White, 51K games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Offer the b-pawn to open the a- and b-files, then press White’s queenside for the rest of the game.
Who it suits
Players who like one long-term plan they can follow without calculating a new one each move.
The catch
The pawn is a real pawn: in an endgame where the pressure has been neutralised, Black is simply material down.
How the games ended
51.9%2.9%45.1%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
47.849.250.353.154.554.852.347.543.7
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It drops under level at 0, 1000, 2200, 2500+.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
White to move · 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 g6 · Black’s view
Score51.0%
Worst case50.8%
Theory46.5%
Gap+4.5
Theory puts Black at 46.5% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 51.0% — 4.5 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +0.4 for White, 179K games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Fianchetto the king’s bishop and castle quickly, leaving the centre to be settled after the pieces are out.
Who it suits
Players who want a setup they can play against most of White’s systems without memorising a reply to each.
The catch
Leaving the centre alone lets White build a broad one, and Black has to break at the right time or stay squeezed.
How the games ended
48.9%4.2%46.9%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
53.651.350.950.850.049.548.847.142.4
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It drops under level at 1800, 2000, 2200, 2500+.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
White to move · 1.d4 d6 2.Nf3 g6 3.c4 Bg7 4.e4 Bg4 · Black’s view
Score51.2%
Worst case50.6%
Theory46.5%
Gap+4.7
Theory puts Black at 46.5% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 51.2% — 4.7 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +0.4 for White, 20K games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Develop the bishop to g7 and stay flexible, choosing the central break after seeing which setup White commits to.
Who it suits
Players who prefer reading the position over preparing lines, and who like a move order that transposes widely.
The catch
Flexibility can become aimlessness: give White a free hand for too long and there is no good break left.
How the games ended
49.1%4.1%46.8%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
51.848.850.650.650.450.850.550.245.4
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It drops under level at 1000, 2500+.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
White to move · 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 · Black’s view
Score50.6%
Worst case50.5%
Theory46.4%
Gap+4.2
Theory puts Black at 46.4% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 50.6% — 4.2 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +0.4 for White, 206K games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Let White build the big centre, then take aim at it with …d5 and the fianchettoed bishop.
Who it suits
Players comfortable giving up space early in exchange for pieces that hit a target.
The catch
If the strike against the centre is mistimed, White’s pawns roll instead of falling — and the main lines are heavily analysed.
How the games ended
48.6%4.0%47.4%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
49.449.649.850.551.050.749.446.342.9
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It drops under level at 0, 1000, 1200, 2000, 2200, 2500+.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
White to move · 1.d4 e5 · Black’s view
Score50.1%
Worst case50.1%
Theory39.7%
Gap+10.4
Theory puts Black at 39.7% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 50.1% — 10.4 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +1.1 for White, 5.3M games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Answer 1.d4 with …e5 immediately, aiming to open the position before White settles into a system.
Who it suits
Players who want to leave preparation behind on move one and play a position their opponent has probably not studied.
The catch
The refutation is short and well known; a player who has met it before keeps the pawn and the better position.
How the games ended
48.4%3.5%48.2%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
48.449.450.150.150.049.347.243.941.0
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It drops under level at 0, 1000, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2500+.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
The rest of the ladder
The other 27 that qualify at 1400–1599 blitz, ranked the same way and not explained — this is the reference, not the recommendation. The full ladder on Opening data carries every defence with enough games behind it, at this same 1400–1599 blitz — so its figures and these are the same figures.
Where the defences most people play land
the most-played defences neither shortlist reached
#DefenceScoreWorst case ↓, which ranks this listTheoryGapGames
White to move · 1.e4 d5 · Black’s view
Score49.4%
Worst case49.3%
Theory43.6%
Gap+5.8
Theory puts Black at 43.6% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 49.4% — 5.8 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +0.7 for White, 15M games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Challenge the e-pawn immediately with …d5, accept the queen recapture, and develop around an early queen sortie.
Who it suits
Players who want one structure they can reach against 1.e4 every game without much branching.
The catch
The early queen move invites tempo-gaining attacks, and White has straightforward development schemes that leave Black a little behind.
How the games ended
47.4%4.0%48.6%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
49.347.748.649.349.749.548.546.943.8
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It sits under level at every rating counted here.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
White to move · 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 · Black’s view
Score47.8%
Worst case47.8%
Theory44.7%
Gap+3.1
Theory puts Black at 44.7% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 47.8% — 3.1 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +0.6 for White, 8.6M games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Support the e-pawn with …d6 and build a compact position behind it, unwinding the pieces slowly.
Who it suits
Players who want a solid structure that is easy to reach and hard to break open by accident.
The catch
The setup is passive, and a cramped position with no break gives White time to choose where to attack.
How the games ended
45.7%4.2%50.1%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
48.047.547.847.847.647.246.645.844.1
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It sits under level at every rating counted here.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
White to move · 1.e4 d6 · Black’s view
Score48.8%
Worst case48.8%
Theory45.4%
Gap+3.4
Theory puts Black at 45.4% here. Players at 1400–1599 blitz get 48.8% — 3.4 more than the position is worth.
Stockfish reads this position at +0.5 for White, 4.8M games behind the result beside it.
The plan
Develop behind the pawns with …d6 and …g6, then hit the centre with …e5 or …c5 once the king is safe.
Who it suits
Players who want a fighting game without entering the main theoretical battles of 1.e4 e5.
The catch
The Austrian Attack gives White a fast pawn storm, and Black has to know when to break rather than complete development first.
How the games ended
46.8%3.9%49.2%
Win
Draw
Loss
Worst case by rating · blitz
50.348.948.748.848.748.748.145.742.2
010001200140016001800200022002500+
The dashed line is level. It drops under level at 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2500+.
Opens the analyzer at this exact position with your rating and clock set. Lichess sign-in is needed there — then star the line and it enters your Drill schedule.
Against anything else
After 1.Nf3, 1.g3 and the rest, only 2 families reach enough games at 1400–1599 blitz to rank — too few to compare. The full ladder is on Opening data.
What would change this
Your level or your clock. The ranking is computed at 1400–1599 blitz; change either above and the list re-ranks, because which defences score well is not the same question at every level.
What you are ranking for. This list ranks by worst case, so a steady defence outranks a streakier one with the same average.
How well you know the position. The engine column says which lines are sound at depth; where it disagrees with the result, the defence is scoring on positions players find hard to handle rather than on the evaluation.
One caveat
These are the results of players who chose this defence and play it on purpose. They are not a promise for someone picking it up today, and a difference in results is not evidence that the defence caused it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it harder to play Black?
At 1400–1599 blitz, White wins 49.7% and Black 46.5%, with 3.8% drawn, over 271,194,984 games — an expected score of 48.4 for Black before either side has chosen an opening.
Can I play one opening against everything as Black?
Not the same one: 1.e4 and 1.d4 lead to different games, which is why this guide ranks two separate lists. Systems that ignore White’s first move exist, and they score below the top of both lists here.
Is the Sicilian the best opening for Black?
At master level it is the most successful. At 1400–1599 blitz it scores 50.0 over 25M games, number 4 of 26 replies to 1.e4 counted here.
What should a beginner play as Black?
Ranked at 0–999 blitz rather than at this guide's own level, against 1.e4 it is the Sicilian Defense at 51.5 over 2.9M games, and against 1.d4 it is the East Indian Defense at 54.0 over 41K games. Those are the results of players rated there, not advice about which is easiest to learn — change the level above to read the ranking at yours.
What does “worst case” mean here?
It is the Floor, which these guides print as Worst case: the low end of a figure’s range, not its average. It ranks the list because a steady result is worth more to a player than a high average that swings.
Do these results mean I will win more?
No. These are the results of players who chose these lines and play them on purpose, not what happens when someone picks one up today. A difference in results is not evidence that the opening caused it.